Sunday, October 14, 2007

Art Space Opinions: To Understand a Painting, You Need a Chair by Timothy Hawkesworth

To Understand a Painting, You Need a Chair

by Timothy Hawkesworth

Imagine John Clease bounding onto the stage at the Old Stratford just as Brutus is sinking the knife into Julius Caesar. "Stay in your seats! This is not a murder. Brutus is only sticking a plastic thing under Julius Caesar’s arm. Yes don’t be alarmed, this is not, I repeat not a murder." This is what Rene Magritte did to painting with his famous piece, "Ce n’est pas une pipe." Since then, propelled by Warhol and Duchamp, a large portion of the art community have taken this line of mischief to where many would claim that contemporary art is now just a matter of philosophy and theory of art and visuality. The old experiential core of painting is apparently no longer needed – no longer relevant. The mischief is now serious business, filling libraries and art magazines. It is the main pillar of the art establishment.

When curators hang paintings with a heavy thematic construct, when they post large "educational" explanations beside a painting, or when they sell you audio-tapes to listen to while you look at paintings, they undermine the relationship between the viewer and the painting. Painting communicates through the power of unnamed substances. It creates a silence inside us in which the imagination has room to travel. A viewer in front of a painting is in a position to have a full-bodied meditation – to be transported and expanded. Philip Guston talked about "reeling with meanings" in front of paintings. The moment needs silence, possibly a chair, some good lighting and a frame that doesn’t distract. Keep the writing for the catalogue or the book – give painting its due.

This is a matter of respect for the artist and the viewer. There is plenty to say about painting, to study, and to write, but first we need to look and taste the painting, letting it warm us and transport us. Art education has to be built around the viewer’s personal experience of the painting. It is about filling out that experience and making the viewer hungry for more. Let people go to the paintings they like, and spend time with them. The first job of art education is teaching people to relax and breathe and to just hang out in front of a painting, teaching them to be open to whatever the painting may do with them. After the viewer has established a personal foothold, then it is time to inform and to explore the experiences he or she is having. If the enterprise of art education and art study is not based on this private reverie, it has lost its relationship with the very core of what it is teaching and studying. The enterprise becomes self-referential and a mutation of its original function. It is like replacing the wedding feast with a dissertation on nutrition and the process of digestion.

This disconnection from the original experience of painting not only affects how art is shown and taught, it undermines the practice and foundations of the whole field. The disembodied theory-based writing that now dominates the field is spawning an art scene of a theory-based art. This community is colored by irony and weariness. The focus of the art produced is to critique and reexamine what already exists. It does not do first hand research outside its own theoretic concerns. It does not draw from, or investigate further, nature and the world around us. It is not about life and it does not seek to expand or explore our experiences as human beings. It is at its core reductive and reactionary. It dissipates the viewer’s experience and negates the artist’s creative possibilities. It is not that we don’t need philosophy and theory of art. It is that the pages of unreadable convoluted discourse that emanates from the art magazines and Art History departments is more about power and position. The art being barely relevant makes the critic, curator or the art historian, indispensable. The big exhibition is centered on the theoretical constructs of the curator, the art merely goes to illustrate the theory that fills the catalogue and dictates the hanging and the selection of the show. This is painting in the service of theory, or more correctly, in the service of careerism. I recently visited our local ICA, which was celebrating its twenty-fifth anniversary. The director rose to thank the curators and their assistants who had made these twenty-five years such a success. Then she stumbled and added sheepishly "Oh yes and the artists."

Novalis said "Philosophy is really homesickness. It is the urge to be at home everywhere." The lasting power of philosophy is tied to longing: a longing to understand our relationship with the enormous, indifferent energy of the universe. Its rigor and vitality come from the impossibility of its quest and from its commitment to encounter reality. In this it has much in common with painting. They can be good bedfellows. For this collaboration to work however the philosopher would have to see paintings for what they are: living records of encounters with reality: evidence from archaeological digs down into our communal psyche. The physical energy of creativity alive in painting is a fact of nature – empirical evidence to be examined. The philosopher’s personal experience of painting is no less valuable than his or her personal experience of the universe – just more evidence. The best art theory has been written from this perspective in that it acknowledges both the physical nature of creativity, and the expansive possibilities that are at its core. I think of the work of John Berger. It is writing that is poignant and expansive, full of surprise and vitality while always mindful of the mysterious. It is grounded in the world although it searches out the intangible. It is also very readable.

Our creativity is a natural part of us, and the work we do as artists, is full of possibility. Robert Frost said "there are still sounds that live in the cavern of the mouth that have not yet been brought to book." There are forms that have not yet been brought to painting. It has not all been done before. All the great artists of history knew this, and felt the pathos of the shortness of life. Scientists, who study nature, are awed by the complexities, scale, and sheer beauty of the universe in which we live. It is clear we are only glimpsing a fraction of what is out there and what is inside us. The Arts, at their best, have sought to offer us experience of this sense of possibility. "Moments of extension and hope," according to Seamus Heaney. The comic richness of James Joyce’s Ulysses takes us out further than any writer before; the twist of the poem catches us by surprise, or the choppy slash of De Kooning’s brushstroke turns us and extends us in ways we could not expect. There is exhilaration and excitement in these moments. The art historical and curatorial fields need to encompass this possibility, this openness. This would mean they would have to return to the humble roll of the individual viewer, open to new experience. They would have to stop the fast rotations of their theoretic constructs, and just sit silently in front of a painting. When the heart opens, or when a walk by the ocean quiets us, theory falls away. We just are. This space is at the heart of where painting comes from and how it works. The critical analysis and theoretic exploration have to start from here. Painting is personal and intimate – we follow Rembrandt’s finger through the paint, right there, right now. If the critic is not present and receptive, he or she is in no position to comment on the work.

The viewer of art is offered a holistic experience. He or she is taken out for a ride, engaged through the senses and propelled by the imagination feeding on the medium of the art form. The poets talk about making a temple of the inner ear for sound to echo down through the psyche. Painting goes onto our stomach. It is always palpable physical presence. More than any other art form it speaks directly to the body. It offers us the chance to return to our personal experience of the world, as experienced through our bodies, as a central part of our exploration of what it means to be human. It is a place where our learning and our nature get to coexist.

James Joyce wrote, "There is no limit to creativity except consciousness. *" Our creativity has propelled human evolution. It is our one great resource. The real tragedy of the human race may be currently unfolding as we wallow in denial, playing theoretical head games, at a time when we are destroying the very resources that enable our survival on the planet. It is a time when the arts that foster our creativity and keep us grounded in our corporal experience of the world are most needed. Seamus Heaney, when he received the Nobel Prize, credited poetry for having a restorative effect between the mind’s center and its circumference. He was referring to the flow between the conscious analytical mind, and the broader embodied mind. It is here in these old archaic practices of art making that we have the opportunity to return to the reality of our embodied experiences of the world, to the center of our public discourse. At this moment, in this culture, this is a radical and revolutionary concept. It was Foucault, the French radical who suggested that to understand a painting you need a chair. It is here, seated silently before a painting, honoring our personal response, that we assert the truth of our own experience. In this we challenge the commercial and political discourses that are dedicated to separating us from that reality. Simone Wiel wrote from Paris, as the Nazi armies approached, that the failure of the democracies in the face of Fascism was due to a failure of intellectual and spiritual rigor. It was perhaps an overstatement to blame the fall of France on the Surrealists or for us now to blame the rise of fundamentalism both here and abroad, on the deconstructionists. However it is clear that some intellectual constructs foster creativity and investigation of the world around us, while others hinder it. This may well be a reasonable and practical measure of their value. It is time to sit, look at the paintings, and reevaluate.

*By "consciousness" I take him to mean what we now call the analytical mind.

11 comments:

Anonymous said...

Art is for gazing upon. Literature is for reading. Recently I had a preparator from a museum ask me if I "cerebral-ize" my work. I respondeed,"Phfft...fuck no!". He, in turn said,"Thank you". Then proceded to tell me about an exhibit (currently on display in the USA) of an artist (from London)that was nothing more than the artist rearranging a few of the works of the museum permanant collection. I saw the exhibit. I did enjoy it for what it was. I got it. However, when I want to read some pages-long rendition of someones thoughts, I'll read a...BOOK.
By the way, the looney bitch that shot the Warhol work was just that, looney. I really believe Ray could have done better. Destroying another artists work is at the very least, rude. Hell, Banksy has more class than that. He makes light of, not destroys.
Well, time for me to shut, that's for sure.
ATakaCG

Robert J Whitney said...

I suggest a reading of any works by conceptual artists writing between the years 1960-1980, as these topics have been discussed at length. Of particular interest to the author might be "a conversation about conceptual art, subjectivity and the post-partum document" by Mary Kelly and Terry Smith, which is a transcript of a conversation between these two individuals. Mary Kelly's work, Post-Partum Document is of equal interest. The aforementioned transcript analyzes art concerning the analytic proposition put forth by conceptual artists, as it outlines a growth (for lack of a better word) in conceptualism (and as Kusouth so brilliantly states: all art after DuChamp is conceptual) in which the analytic continues, while becoming also interested in the sythentic, a change largely attributed to Mary Kelly and her work.

Anonymous said...

I have to agree with the author. People don't really view paintings anymore. They expect all the information and insight of the paintings to be spelled out. Many people can't say why they like a painting these days without mentioning what a critic or professor has said about the artists work. This has caused a dumbing down in the study of visual art. Visual art is meant to be seen in order to explore, not read about on a cue card.

Anonymous said...

I'd say to understand a chair, you need a chair. Painting is dead! There is nothing contemporary about a form of art that is hundreds of years old. I'd think there is more to explore in forms of expression that have not been traveled that often in the last 50 years. I'd go further by staying that digital painting is the new painting. Physical materials have been explored a thousand over. We need something new regardless of how many words link art to the past.

Anonymous said...

any excuse not to paint. just get to work and make something worth looking at

Anonymous said...

If painting is dead that would mean that art is dead. Painting has long been the backbone of the art world.

When all else fails galleries and museums pull out the paintings and hang them like badges of honor. You can't say that for any of the new media work that is out there or even traditional works like sculpture.

I fail to see how people would spend millions for something that is no longer valid. Perhaps you say that painting is dead because you work in a medium that has yet to prove itself. Digital art has not proven anything yet and one could say that photography has barely done so. Painting has a solid foundation and you would do well to learn from it.

Anonymous said...

Well, considering who ultimately won that war the Simone Weil comment was pretty stupid and I can't quite figure out why anyone would quote it except to get a good laugh.

What is needed is to get back to the idea of Art for the Sake of Art, the object as a thing in itself, independent of outside considerations.

Stanvane said...

In the midst of a Foundation Degree course and suffering the over analysis of the symbolism and the whys and wherefores of paintings, it is with relish and total agreement I read this article.
I'm fed up with hearing about 'post modernism' and all its hang ups. When can we get back to seeing paintings and fine art for what it is.
The basic idea for a person to look at and get a reaction from a painting is surely what all painters want and crave?
Whilst it's flattering for articles and debates to be about ones work, the simple, honest reaction is what I imagine all true artists strive for.
I am a firm believer that one does not have to be 'educated' in the complexities of painting in order to appreciate it for what it is.
Education does however allow you to see perhaps something in the work or a different angle from where you originally were. It does not and should not why we stopped to gaze on a painting in the first place.

Unknown said...

Artists worrying? Wer'e flies flying into the electric light to be dzzzd. The curators sit watching at the control board and get paid.

Shaun Gamache said...

Annihilation of the image seems to be where all expressionists want to go. They want to deconstruct the image till there is nothing left but a color field and texture of what was there before. Is this getting to the essence of what is there, or is this denying responsibility for the new creation through transformation from one thing to another as nothing can be destroyed, only change form. I am looking for the birth of what comes out of the organic movement that aligns with harmonic resonance and the movement of all our multidimensionality weaving the cords together to create what we call "here". Are we aware of what we are constantly creating through transformation of energy/thought into a multidimensional existence, and then taking responsibility for that. Or do we want to negate responsibility and say that it is only color and texture. It is an excuse for our lack of awareness and ability to perceive and see. There can be five images in one, yet even that is a limitation. The image can create itself so that the image is present for everyone that would ever look at the piece. It would simply be the individuals responsibility for being the key to unlock the painting. In seeing the image we can then take responsibility. Can we take responsibility for the emotional response. We can when we isolate the cause so that the issue being sparked can be cleared. I believe life is a sacred ceremony and every moment is a chance for us to remember more of who we are. We cannot do that if we consciously negate responsibility for who we are, for there is no separation. Shaun T Gamache

Anonymous said...

Something that is nica or perhaps disturbing is that every artist who is honest realizes that everything humans can create is entirely a guise because it is taken externally and butchered beyond ourselves, whether or not it is intended. if you edit something, you've distroyed it, but if you've denied yourself the option of editing, you've limited the outcome. how many times has an artist found no adequate means of transferring an idea or whatever to a canvas? how can someone possibly paint something that is so unexplainable. our creations are so menial. GOD is amazing.
i think that's is all that can be stated.
the most comforting thing i can know is knowing that i am entirely out of control. that is all i can depend on.
art is great, but don't we all feel its inadequacy?